The new pledge from the world's largest oil producer comes just days before the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference is set to meet in Glasgow, Scotland, to discuss new climate targets and initiatives.
在世界上最大的石油生产国做出新承诺的几天前，第26届联合国气候变化大会将在苏格兰格拉斯哥召开，讨论新的气候目标和倡议。
October 25, 2021 By Trent Jacobs
图1 阿美石油公司总裁兼首席执行官阿明·纳赛尔(Amin Nasser)在中国北京举行的2019年SPE国际石油技术大会上发言
The world’s largest oil company has joined the industry movement toward net-zero greenhouse-gas emissions from the oil and gas assets it owns and operates. Saudi Aramco will reveal more information about how it intends to curtail these Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions in the second quarter of next year, the company said in a release on 23 October.
这家全球最大的石油公司加入了该行业的运动，从其拥有和运营的石油和天然气资产中实现温室气体净零排放。该公司在10月23日的一份新闻稿中表示，Saudi Aramco将在明年第二季度披露更多信息，说明它打算如何减少这些范围1和范围2的排放。
“As the largest provider of energy to the world, Aramco’s ambition to reach net-zero greenhouse-gas emissions across our operations in less than 3 decades is a historic step forward that will help tackle the most pressing challenge facing humanity,” Amin Nasser, Aramco president and CEO, said in a statement.
阿美石油公司总裁兼首席执行官阿明·纳赛尔在一份声明中表示:“作为世界上最大的能源提供商，阿美石油公司在不到30年的时间里实现整个业务温室气体净零排放的雄心是一个历史性的进步，将有助于应对人类面临的最紧迫挑战。
“Our past success has not been measured by quarters or business cycles, but across generations. The same will apply to the positive results from our net-zero ambition, as the actions we take in the coming years will help safeguard our planet for future generations,” he added.
“我们过去的成功不是用季度或商业周期来衡量的，而是跨代的。这同样适用于我们实现净零目标的积极成果，因为我们在未来几年采取的行动将有助于为子孙后代保护我们的地球。
The announcement notably comes about a week ahead of the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference, otherwise known as COP26, in Glasgow where representatives of 196 countries will hold talks on new emissions reduction targets. And coinciding with Aramco’s announcement was one from the government which said the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will aim for net-zero carbon emissions on a national basis by 2060.
值得注意的是，这一宣布是在第26届联合国气候变化大会(又称第26届缔约方大会)召开前一周发布的，届时来自196个国家的代表将在格拉斯哥就新的减排目标举行会谈。与阿美石油公司的声明相一致的是，沙特政府表示，沙特阿拉伯王国将在2060年实现全国范围内的净零碳排放。
Nasser said that the “road ahead will be complex” as the world will need to work together to achieve the energy transition, a feat he added will require “major technological breakthroughs.” In the meantime, the national oil company will seek to maintain its status as a low-cost producer of oil and gas.
纳赛尔说，“未来的道路将是复杂的，因为世界将需要共同努力来实现能源过渡，这一壮举将需要‘重大的技术突破’。”与此同时，国家石油公司将寻求保持其作为低成本石油和天然气生产商的地位。
The move to end operational emissions comes nearly 2 years after Aramco joined the World Bank’s initiative to end routine flaring by 2030. Aramco has also recently been seeking to expand its entry into alternative energies, namely blue hydrogen, which is made by combining methane steam reformation and carbon capture and storage.
结束运营排放的举措是在阿美石油公司加入世界银行到2030年结束常规燃烧的倡议近两年后采取的。阿美石油公司最近也在寻求扩大进入替代能源领域，即蓝氢，蓝氢是通过将甲烷蒸汽重整和碳捕获和储存相结合而制成的。
Following the net-zero announcement, the Saudi government also announced that Aramco’s $110 billion Jafurah development will be used to supply gas for future blue hydrogen projects. Located in Saudi’s Eastern Province, Jafurah is considered to be the country’s largest unconventional gas play.
继净零宣布之后，沙特政府还宣布，阿美价值1100亿美元的贾夫拉开发项目将用于为未来的蓝氢项目提供天然气。贾夫拉位于沙特东部省，被认为是该国最大的非常规天然气项目。
“We are the biggest adventurers when it comes to blue hydrogen,” Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, Saudi's energy minister, told Bloomberg in Riyadh on 24 October. “We’re putting our money where our mouth is on hydrogen. We have a terrific gas base in Jafurah; we will use it to generate blue hydrogen.”
10月24日，沙特能源大臣阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·本·萨勒曼王子在利雅得对彭博说:“谈到蓝氢，我们是最大的冒险家。“我们把钱用在了氢气上。我们在贾夫拉有一个很棒的天然气基地；我们将利用它产生蓝氢。”
Aramco’s new pledge is similar to that of some of the largest US oil companies. Almost exactly a year ago, Houston-based ConocoPhillips announced its plans to eliminate Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions by 2050. Earlier this month, US major Chevron said it too will try to achieve net-zero operational emissions by 2050.
阿美的新承诺与美国一些最大石油公司的承诺相似。几乎就在一年前，总部位于休斯顿的康菲石油公司宣布计划在2050年前消除范围1和范围2的排放。本月早些时候，美国主要的雪佛龙公司表示，它也将努力在2050年前实现净零排放。
European majors BP, Shell, TotalEnergies, and Eni, along with Equinor and Repsol, have all committed to net-zero targets that include all or part of their Scope 3 emissions, which account for the combustion of their oil and gas products. Houston-based Occidental Petroleum is the only large US oil and gas company to make a Scope 3 reduction commitment so far.
欧洲巨头英国石油公司、壳牌公司、道达尔能源公司和埃尼公司，以及Equinor公司和Repsol公司，都承诺实现净零排放目标，其中包括全部或部分范围3排放，这是其石油和天然气产品燃烧的原因。总部位于休斯顿的西方石油公司是迄今为止唯一一家做出第三阶段减排承诺的美国大型石油和天然气公司。
总结：灰氢是石化燃料制氢，蓝氢是指使用石化燃料制氢，同时使用碳捕集和碳封存。随着世界各国对化石燃料的使用，人们逐渐意识到重视碳排放是不可忽视的问题。世界各大石油公司响应号召，纷纷提出各种净零排放举措。阿美石油公司承诺通过制蓝氢的方法，在2050年实现目标。
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