一、内容简介
《中国可再生能源与生物多样性协同发展的机遇与挑战》报告由山水自然保护中心、北京大学自然保护与社会发展研究中心、北京市朝阳区自然之友环境研究所等机构联合撰写，于2024年10月发布。报告旨在探讨我国可再生能源发展与生物多样性保护之间的关系，分析面临的问题并提出解决方案，以促进二者协同发展。报告全文共分为五个部分。本次翻译实践选取了前三个部分作为源文本，总字数约 17000 字。这三个部分涵盖：（1）研究背景；（2）风力及光伏发电对生物多样性的影响；（3）我国可再生能源开发领域内生物多样性保护的现状。
二、译文修改
例1：
ST: 以涉及林地、草原的光伏用地政策为例，除不得占用永久基本农田、基本草原、Ⅰ级保护林地和东北内蒙古重点国有林区之外，若涉及其他农用地、乔木林地、灌木林地、基本草原外草原等不同土地类型，都规定了相应的用地用林用草要求，并由各地自然资源、林草主管部门进行审查，并向当地县级自然资源和林草主管部门备案。
TT1: Taking land-use policies for PV projects involving forest and grassland as an example, projects are prohibited from occupying permanent basic farmland, basic grassland, Grade I protected forest land, or key state-owned forest areas in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. Furthermore, if a project involves other types of agricultural land, arbor forest land, shrub forest land, or the category of grasslands other than the basic grasslands, specific requirements for the use of land, forest, and grassland respectively apply. These cases are subject to review by local natural resources and forestry and grassland authorities, and the project developer must file the project with the relevant county-level authorities.
TT2: Taking land-use policies for PV projects involving forestland and grassland as an example, it is prohibited to occupy permanent basic farmland, basic grassland, Grade I protected forest land, or key state-owned forest areas in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. Furthermore, if a project occupies other types of agricultural land, arbor forest land, shrub forest land, or grasslands other than basic grasslands, it must comply with relevant prescriptions and undergo review by local natural resources and forestry and grassland authorities. The project developer will also be required to file the project with the relevant county-level authorities.
例2：
ST: 风电场对于生物多样性的影响不仅限于物种和栖息地层面，也不仅限于风电场所在的区域本身 (Niebuhr et al., 2022)，其影响应当从生态系统的角度进行考察，并考虑其外部效应。
TT1: The biodiversity impacts of wind farms extend beyond individual species, habitats, and even their immediate locations(Niebuhr et al., 2022). These impacts should be examined from an ecosystem perspective,and the external effects also should be considered. These impacts should be assessed from an ecosystem perspective that accounts for their externalities.
TT2: The impact of wind farms on biodiversity is not limited to the species and habitats, nor to the area where the wind farms are located (Niebuhr et al., 2022); instead, it should be assessed from an ecosystem perspective, with their external effects taken into account.
例3：
ST: 由此可见，制度层面亟待完善湿地占补平衡的具体管理要求，明确“质量相当”的具体含义和评价标准，确定具体的审批部门，要求审批前公示和专家评审等环节，避免这一制度在实践执行中落空，造成我国的湿地资源减损，尤其是天然湿地的面积减少和生态功能丧失。
TT1: Therefore, it is urgent to improve the institutional framework for wetland occupation-compensation balance by clarifying the definition and evaluation criteria for “equivalent quality”, designating the responsible approval authorities, and mandating pre-approval public consultation and expert review. These measures are essential to prevent the system from failing in practice, which would lead to the degradation of China's wetland resources—particularly the loss of natural wetland area and their ecological functions.
TT2: Therefore, it is urgent to improve the institutional framework for wetland occupation-compensation balance by clarifying the definition and evaluation criteria for 'equivalent quality,' designating the responsible approval authorities, and mandating pre-approval public consultation and expert review. Otherwise, the system risks failing in practice, leading to the degradation of China's wetland resources—particularly the loss of natural wetland areas and their ecological functions.
三、研讨反思
参与本次译名堂研讨会，让我对专业文本翻译的精准性、简洁性和逻辑连贯性有了更深刻的认知与思考。
在与老师们一起对译文的打磨过程中，我首先意识到专业术语的语境化理解至关重要 —— 如 “涉及” 一词，需结合上下文场景明确其核心语义为 “占用”，需要的时候可以考虑主动转被动的句式调整，使译文更贴合英文表达习惯；其次，此前我并未注意到原文中 “规定” 与 “要求” 的语意重叠问题，在英译时注意简洁表述整合冗余信息，同时审慎考量 “prescription” 等词汇的适配性，避免字面翻译导致的语义偏差；此外，我也认识到译文需兼顾信息的精简性与逻辑的完整性，例如前文已明确具体的土地类型后，后文无需重复赘述翻译 “用地用林用草要求”，以此提升文本的可读性；老师提出的时态的精准运用（如例1的译文调整为将来时）也让我体会到，时态的把控也能直接影响译文的专业性。而对 “coherence”（语篇连贯）与 “cohesion”（语篇衔接）的区分与实践，更是让我理解到：好的译文不仅要实现句子层面的语法正确，更要通过逻辑衔接词的使用、指代关系的明确、语义的层层递进，构建起整体语篇的连贯性，让译文既符合目标语言的表达习惯，又能精准传递原文的核心信息。
此次研讨让我深刻体会到，翻译并非简单的语言转换，而是结合语境、逻辑、专业知识的综合创作，未来我也会以更严谨的态度对待每一处译文细节，持续提升翻译的专业性与精准度。
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